How the Alewife and West Coast Salmon Transformed the Great Lakes

The St Lawrence Seaway opened the GreatTanner, a University of Michigan Biologist proposed
Lakes to ocean going vessels. Since then 160that a predator, the Coho salmon from the West
species have invaded the Lakes ecosystem, withCoast, be introduced into Lake Michigan to control
ship ballast water being the primary suspectedthe alewife population. Dr. Tanner's experiment
pathway causing drastic economic and ecologicalwas a huge success which eventually led to state
changes to the lakes.salmon/trout hatcheries and annual Spring fish
It is thought that improvements to the Wellandplants throughout the lakes.
Canal in 1919 allowed the invasive Sea LampreyToday, Lake Michigan is a world class salmon
to spread throughout the lakes, were it decimatedtrout fishery. The invasive Alewife, and the
indigenous fish populations such as the Lake Trout.introduction of the Coho salmon has transformed
Another invasive was the Alewife (river herring),once industrial waterfronts into recreational
that had no natural predator, thus exploded inharbors and revitalized towns around the Great
population. In the 1960's the Alewife colonized theLakes. Tourists have flocked back.
Lakes and became abundant mostly in lakesCharter fishing fleets have sprung up throughout
Huron and Michigan. They often had Summer diethe lakes because of the great fishing. Waukegan,
offs, which washed up on the shorelines.Illinois, once an avoided industrial area, has been
These die offs presented the stench of decayrevitalized and was declared, in the 1970's by
that closed beaches and resort communities. TheWest Port, Washington Captains, the Fresh Water
economic losses were staggering throughout theSalmon Capital of the Great Lakes.
lakes communities. To address this disaster, Dr